Early applications in the US market were with small regional diaper manufacturers as well as Kimberly Clark. The first commercial use was in 1978 for use in feminine napkins in Japan and disposable bed liners for nursing home patients in the USA. SAP is also used for blocking water penetration in underground power or communications cable, horticultural water retention agents, control of spill and waste aqueous fluid, and artificial snow for motion picture and stage production. SAP was discontinued from use in tampons due to 1980s concern over a link with toxic shock syndrome. * The largest use of SAPs is found in personal disposable hygiene products, such as baby diapers, adult diapers and sanitary napkins. High cross-link density polymers exhibit lower absorbent capacity and swell, but the gel strength is firmer and can maintain particle shape even under modest pressure. These types of SAPs also have a softer and stickier gel formation. Low-density cross-linked SAPs generally have a higher absorbent capacity and swell to a larger degree. * The total absorbency and swelling capacity are controlled by the type and degree of cross-linkers used to make the gel. The presence of valence cations in the solution impedes the polymer's ability to bond with the water molecule. In deionized and distilled water, a SAP may absorb 300 times its weight (from 30 to 60 times its own volume) and can become up to 99.9% liquid, but when put into a 0.9% saline solution, the absorbency drops to approximately 50 times its weight. A SAP's ability to absorb water depends on the ionic concentration of the aqueous solution. #Ion bonding capacity measure crossword clue how to#Ĭrossword Clues and Extracts Throughout this book we have used parts of clues and clues to illustrate a particular style of puzzle and how to solve the clue.Superabsorbent polymer (also called slush powder) can absorb and retain extremely large amounts of a liquid relative to their own mass.Water-absorbing polymers, which are classified as hydrogels when cross-linked, absorb aqueous solutions through hydrogen bonding with water molecules. It would have been difficult and confusing to include the source of each clue in the main layout of the book. Instead, we have credited the sources below. The clues we have used have come from a range of newspapers and magazines – we are indebted to the crossword setters for making the puzzles interesting, challenging and enjoyable to solve! The publications used as sources include: Daily Express, Daily Mail, Daily Mirror, The Daily Record, Daily Telegraph, Financial Times, The Guardian, Independent, Independent on Sunday, The Observer, Radio Times, The Sun, Sunday Telegraph, Sunday Times, The Timesįirst published in Great Britain 2001 Reprinted 2003 This second edition published 2005 A & C Black Publishers Ltd 37 Soho Square, London W1D 3QZ © B. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers. Text processed and typeset by A & C Black Printed in Great Britain by Clays Ltd, St Ives plc A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library. Since you landed on this page then you would like to know the answer to Number denoting an ion's bonding capacity. Our site contains over 2.8 million crossword clues in which you can find whatever clue you are looking for. INTRODUCTION Crosswords are a waste of time. Below you will be able to find the answer to Number denoting an ion's bonding capacity crossword clue. There’s always something more useful to do. Like pursuing a career, raising kids, wallpapering, walking the dog, writing a novel. That is until I found myself flat on my back with a chronic illness.Īt least, that’s the way I saw it for many years. Our system collect crossword clues from most populer crossword, cryptic puzzle, quick/small crossword that found in Daily Mail, Daily Telegraph, Daily Express, Daily Mirror, Herald-Sun, The Courier-Mail, Dominion Post and many others popular newspaper. After exploring the clues, we have identified 1 potential solutions. In that situation even the delights of TV, radio and records began to pall and, in frustration, I turned my attention to the cryptic puzzle in my daily paper. The system found 25 answers for measure of capacity crossword clue. What is the answer to the crossword clue medical capacity measure. Up till then I had never given the wretched, impenetrable thing more than a glance. At first I had little success, managing maybe a couple of answers if I was lucky before throwing it aside in frustration. However, in time and using assorted reference books, I eventually completed my first grid – to my surprise and immense satisfaction. #Ion bonding capacity measure crossword clue how to#įrom then I was hooked, and was soon sampling all the broadsheet and tabloid papers – buying, begging, borrowing or stealing.
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